The lexical decision task is removed from the design since it introduces a third task that could interfere or contaminate the experimental results on Task B. As in Study 1, participants work on Task A and then switch to Task B, but this time, participants fully perform Task B. Research propositions 3–7 are tested using an experimental design similar to the one used in Study 1. More specifically, does the fact that task completion and time pressure on one task affect the way people allocate their attention when switching to another task has implications for their performance after the switch? Study 2 The second part of this paper explores the implications of the same factors, task completion and time pressure, on people’s performance once they have switched to another task. The first study focuses on the effects of task completion and time pressure on attention residue. As articulated in the theory development, the present research focuses on the main effect of task completion and the interaction effect between task completion and time Effects on task performance Task completion and time pressure on the first task are manipulated to understand their effects on attention residue once people switch to the next task. Research propositions 1 and 2 are tested using an experimental design in which participants work on one task and then switch to another. Attention residue and ruminations are related in that they both represent Study 1 ![]() Ruminations refer to thoughts that are repetitive, intrusive, and aversive (McIntosh & Martin, 1992). Clark, 1996, Uleman and Bargh, 1989, Wegner et al., 1987), especially in relation to ruminations. The persistence of thoughts has attracted some research interest (e.g. Attention residue reflects the persistence of cognitive activity about a Task A even though one stopped working on Task A and currently performs a Task B.
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